Penaeus vannamei is the most culture species in global aquaculture，annual output exceeded 7 million tons. In 2025, the output of P. vannamei farming in China was 2.5 million tons. The lecture introduces the antiviral and antibacterial immune pathways of L. vannamei. The antiviral and antibacterial immune genes have been identified, based on the immune genes, the molecular design breeding technology for disease resistance of L. vannamei was established, and breeding a new antibacterial variety. Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) can infects over 150 fish species, the mortality of some fish by ISKNV infection is approximately 100%. This lecture also introduces the molecular mechanisms of pathogenicity by ISKNV among different fish species the molecular mechanisms of myocardial injury and surface bleeding by ISKNV infection in fish, and the molecular mechanisms of immune escape of ISKNV. A live attenuated vaccine without two virulence genes was developed, and the vaccine protection rate exceeded 95%.